kingdom of matthias Essay

Starting in the early 1600’s English settlers began migrating to the Americas in search for liberty and the right to govern themselves in what they deemed a Christian manner. Thomas Morton, was one of the first to write about the Indians of New England. He condemned their religious beliefs claiming it was similar to devil like worship. (VOF,4) The Native Americans were seen to be living a much happier life even without religion, law and a king. This daunted Christian and they did not understand how this could be. It’s written that they claim their prosperity was full of evil and they would lead a happier life once bought to Christianity.(VOF,6) I feel this is the last America sees of true religious freedom. In reality, religious liberty existed in very few parts of the Atlantic world in during this time period. Most nations outlawed religious groups that rulers deems dangerous or disruptive. Among all the colonies, one that demonstrated religious freedom in a higher sen se would be Maryland. Cecilius Calvert was a Catholic who wished to demonstrate that Protestants and Catholics could live in peace, something that was not seen in Europe. In 1649 Maryland established an Act Concerning Religion, which introduced religious tolerance, saying that anyone who troubled a Christian due to their religion would be punished.(VOF,27) I feel this allowed others to safely demonstrate â€Å"religious freedom†, but this is just one state among the colonies. During this time it was rare to have this type of true freedom. Like many settlers, the puritans came to American in search of liberty, and to govern themselves in what they deemed a Christian manner.(VOF,29) This is where Religious freedom loses the sense of freedom, because the puritans created their own definition of the word freedom. John Winthrop explains that freedom to them meant obedience to God’s laws and the law of rulers such as himself.(VOF,29-30) Basically you can see that they are imposing their moral stan dards on society as a whole, denying anyone other than themselves of true religious freedom. Unlike what Maryland was trying to implement, this colony believed in follow their religion, or be punished, much like a wide array of colonies. A prime example of this would be the trial of Anne Hutchison in 1637. Hutchison was accused of expressing opinions that did not match up to those in authority.(VOF,33) The trial gives examples of how if you stray against what the government deems Gods word, then you would be punished. Hutchison argues that she is reciting what she believes God told  her is his word, and Governor John Winthrop, one of her accusers, argues that this is another religion and its punishable. (VOF,35-39) Because Hutchison followed her own beliefs she is banished from their society, clearly being stripped of her natural right of religious freedom. Based on examples like this, what religious freedom really meant was, â€Å"do as I say or be punished†. You can see this start to shift as time goes on, you can see people start to realize the damage this is putting on society and settlers, such as Roger Williams, begin to branch out and start new movement. Williams founded Providence, Rhode Island, and then came to publish a letter claiming that no one should be forced to follow any particular religious belief, but they should still obey the government in charge of civil matters. (VOF,40) This is what religious freedom should have been from the beginning.

Action Research On Milwaukee Flooding Environmental Sciences Essay

Floods are inevitable natural phenomena that cause terrible harm in footings of lives, natural resources, the economic system, and wellness. On the international degree, deluging histories for 40 per centum of catastrophes worldwide and causes 26 per centum of disaster-related mortalities ( Whiteman, 2004 ) . Aside from environmental impacts, the societal impacts of deluging in communities around the universe are common among several states such as economic impacts, impacts on physical wellness, psychological wellness, impacts related to emptying and impermanent resettlement, and community and vicinity alterations ( International Association for Impact Assessment [ IAIA ] , 2003 ; Genovese et al. , 2006 ) . The biggest challenge in countries considered as high-risk for implosion therapy is extenuation ( FEMA, 2010 ) . This action research intends to utilize the Milwaukee implosion therapy in July 2010 to show the themic jobs in catastrophe direction and extenuation attempts. This lit erature reappraisal will continue to demo that inundation extenuation requires a comprehensive, integrated, and multi-stakeholder attack toward inundation hazard direction. It will try to demo and show this thesis based on research and instance surveies in the United States and best pattern catastrophe extenuation attempts in other countries worldwide. In a study by The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction [ UN/ISDR ] ( 2008 ) , it was postulated that communities which create its ain thoughts and work programmes to turn to their demands and exposures have better opportunities of long-run solutions. Due to the increasing urbanisation, increasing demand for infinite, and climate alteration concerns practically everyplace in the universe, the demand to switch from conventional inundation direction attacks to an integrated attack has been recommended ( UNESCO, 2001 ; FEMA, 2010 ) . Integrated attack to deluge direction means that there are pre- and post-disaster steps planned and implemented in a vicinity which are linked to other communities, authorities bureaus, and organisations in order to turn to exposures which communities are unable to work out on their ain ( UN/ISDR, 2008 ) . Multi-sectoral attacks to deluge direction have been utilized by vicinities in order to extenuate flood harm. In a instance s urvey performed by the Tearfund International ( 2005 ) , two communities in Africa came up with a comprehensive and multi-sectoral program which required 1 ) a comprehensive hazard appraisal 2 ) protagonism and linkage with authorities, private sector, and the Districts concerned and acceptance of Torahs to deter agribusiness 20 metres from the watercourse 3 ) networking with other authorities bureaus to procure expertness and 4 ) community mobilisation. The same multi-sectoral attacks have been undertaken in other states as good ( Petrov et al. , 2005 ; Genovese et al. , 2006 ) . In the United States, communities work hand-in-hand with the federal authorities and the private sector in order to cut down hazard and harm caused by deluging ( FEMA, 2010 ) . Based on a survey by Petrov, et Al. ( 2005 ) , an incorporate theoretical account of flood direction is quantifiable in footings of sustainable development and inundation defence. The survey focused on two communities in Italy which used the incorporate mold attack to supplement structural steps with non-structural steps such as land direction and planning, land usage planning and development limitations. The determination that a comprehensive scheme using both structural and non-structural extenuation steps toward inundation direction is the most effectual scheme is consistent with other state studies ( Lin, De Guzman, & A ; Cuevas, 2007 ; Genovese, et al. , 2006 ; Zevenbergen et al. , 2008 ) . Furthermore, ‘best pattern ‘ surveies have besides pointed to the increasing importance of a multi-stakeholder attack in inundation hazard direction ( FEMA, 2008 ; Galloway, 2005 ) . This attack means that all the stakeholders in a community have functions to play from be aftering to the execution stage. When planning is done unsuitably and without a stakeholder analysis, any inundation hazard direction scheme may worsen the negative effects of utmost hydrological procedures ( Petrov, et al. , 2005 ) . Hence, concerns from assorted sectors must be heard and considered, and local cognition and resources should be evaluated with support from exterior ( Genoese, et al. , 2006 ) . These surveies point out that a co-ordinated attempt is necessary to protect everyone ‘s involvement in the event of implosion therapy. The dominant scheme in inundation direction every bit far as the U.S. is concerned has been structural in nature. Flood extenuation attempts in the state go around around the demand to cut down the cost of harm brought approximately by the devastation of belongings. However, due to increasing financial load caused by structural steps, urban contrivers and exigency direction experts look to the usage of non-structural steps to cut down the harm caused by deluging. Between 1960 and 1985, FEMA estimated that the federal authorities used $ 38 billion of taxpayers ‘ money on structural inundation direction steps ( FEMA, 2010 ) . A chief step used to cut down inundation hazard is the building of levees which were subsequently augmented by channel work to rush floodwaters to their ultimate finishs ( Lin, De Guzman, & A ; Cuevas, 2007 ) . Elsewhere, particularly in the underdeveloped universe, the most common structural step utilized in order to cut down implosion therapy is the buildi ng of dikes. Structures to pin down dust flows in canons upriver from alluvial fans include permeable dikes that stop bowlders but permit H2O to run out, that is, grid dikes dwelling of cross-linked steel pipes, horizontal beams, perpendicular steel pipes, or reinforced columns. Widely used in Canada and the US, they suddenly slow the advancement of dust flows by run outing the H2O ( Hyndman & A ; Hyndman, 2010 ) . The biggest challenge with such structural steps in the U.S. experience has been the financial load shouldered by the federal authorities. The addition in deposit along with the development brought approximately by urbanisation has required more investing in extra constructions. Elsewhere in the universe, in a survey commissioned by the World Commission on Dams ( WCD ) , 54 % of dikes constructed sustained cost overproductions ( Whiteman, 2004 ) . Structural inundation direction steps have besides come under onslaught for their alleged inauspicious impacts on the wellness and environment. In a study by the International Rivers Network, the building of dikes and constructions to slake implosion therapy has led to massive and nonvoluntary relocation, loss of support for those dependent on flood plains, and forced evictions ( Lin, De Guzman, & A ; Cuevas, 2007 ) . Another concern with dike is its part to climate alteration gases as they release over 104 million MT of methane yearly. Land usage planning and direction is another scheme used in order to cut down inundation amendss by curtailing development on inundation fields. The displacement from structural to set down usage planning was triggered by the monolithic harm sustained during the 1993 Mississippi River inundation. FEMA started to purchase floodplain land in order to deter other people from reconstructing on flood-prone land and being flooded out once more. Alternatively of lodging and development undertakings, land was used for agribusiness, Parkss, and other related utilizations. Some counties have resisted application for development undertakings by corporations in order to extenuate deluging but many instances have been petitioned by developers in tribunals ( Hyndman & A ; Hyndman, 2010 ) . A common place is that modulating edifice and building of inundation fields infringement upon single rights to belongings while FEMA maintains that in flood-prone countries, the right of persons to construct bel ongings infringed upon the rights of other persons. Furthermore, one million millions of public revenue enhancement dollars have been coursed out to supply alleviation from deluging and construct flood-management constructions. Buyout and resettlement strategies have worked in some counties. For case, in Iowa, over 46 resettlement undertakings and buyouts have been initiated by the province to extenuate flood harm. There have been more than 1,000 belongingss removed from flood-prone countries which have protected critical installations such as infirmaries. FEMA has invested $ 54 million for these resettlement and buyout undertakings and catastrophe alleviation financess were given merely More than 1,000 belongingss have been removed from flood-hazard countries in the province. Over 20 critical installations, such as infirmaries, have been protected. At least 66 undertakings have been funded, with a entire investing of $ 54 million in FEMA ( Earthquake Engineering Research Institute [ EERI ] , 2008 ) . Flood insurance is another non-structural inundation direction step that has been progressively used by authoritiess because of the financial loads of structural steps ( Genovese, 2006 ) . Flood case mitigates the cost of flood harm while and at the same clip influences behavior to further cut down future harm. The inundation insurance scheme is basically a cost-sharing agreement among belongings and concern proprietors, insurance and re-insurance industry, and authorities. Under the authorization of the National Flood Insurance Program ( NFIP ) , flood insurance is available to people populating in flood plains ( Hyndman & A ; Hyndman, 2010 ) . The federal authorities provides insurance while its purchase is delegated to private insurance companies. There are two chief advantages of inundation insurance. First, it eases financial load on authorities for inundation bar and alleviation. Second, it allows for drum sander and automated transportation of payments to individuals ( nonaffe cted or victims ) covered by a similar insurance plan ( Larson & A ; Plasencia, 2005 ) . Despite the purported benefits of inundation insurance, merely 20-30 % of those eligible participate in the insurance plan ( Galloway, 2005 ) . Before people can be eligible to claim insurance, FEMA requires the community, to finish the needed surveies to demarcate flood plain zones and enforce ordinances. To be eligible for inundation insurance, the community must finish the needed surveies to denominate flood plain zones and implement its ordinances ( FEMA, 2010 ) . A hurdle in inundation insurance is conflict over civil wrong claims. The NFIP can pre-empt civil wrong claims made by landholder utilizing province jurisprudence against independent contractors hired by FEMA under the obstruction preemption rule where â€Å" province jurisprudence stands as an obstruction to the achievement and executing of the full intents and aims of Congress † ( Freightliner Corp. v. Myrick, 514 U.S. 280 , 287, 1995 ) . Taken together, the reviewed instance surveies and studies indicate that experience in inundation direction support the usage of a comprehensive and incorporate attack to cut down economic harm brought approximately by deluging ( Simonovic, 2005 ; Global Water Partnership, 2006 ; Genovese, et al. , 2006 ) . This means that while structural steps have been found to ease the impact of floodwater and dust flows, the federal authorities has looked to non-structural steps because of the load its shoulders from building levees, dikes, and other flood-control constructions. Measures such as land usage planning and direction, buyouts, and inundation insurance have shown promise but brush opposition and challenges. Community engagement and multi-stakeholder attacks are necessary in explicating sustainable inundation direction programs to construct more resilient communities.

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Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using: wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for mechanical power, wind pumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. Offshore wind farms can harness more frequent and powerful winds than are available to land-based installations and have less visual impact on the landscape but construction costs are considerably higher.Small onshore wind facilities are used to provide electricity to isolated locations and utility companies increasingly buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic wind turbines. Although very consistent from year to year, wind power has significant variation over shorter timescales. The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when used to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion incre ases, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production can occur.Power management techniques such as having excess capacity storage, dispatch able backing supplies (usually natural gas), storage such as pumped-storage hydroelectricity, exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can greatly mitigate these problems. Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation and uses little land Any effects on the environment are generally less problematic than those from other power sources.As of 2010 wind energy production was over 2. 5% of worldwide power, growing at more than 25% per annum. The overall cost per unit of energy produced is similar to the cost for new coal and natural gas installations. Although wind power is a popular form of energy generation, the construction of wind farms is not u niversally welcomed. Fossil fuels are subsidized by many governments, and wind power and other forms of renewable energy are also often subsidized. For example a 2009 study by the Environmental Law Institute assessed the size and structure of U. S. energy subsidies over the 2002–2008 periods.The study estimated that subsidies to fossil-fuel based sources amounted to approximately $72 billion over this period and subsidies to renewable fuel sources totaled $29 billion. In the United States, the federal government has paid US$74 billion for energy subsidies to support R&D for nuclear power ($50 billion) and fossil fuels ($24 billion) from 1973 to 2003. (Energy subsidies are measures that keep prices for consumers below market levels or for producers above market levels, or reduce costs) During this same timeframe, renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency received a total of US$26 billion.It has been suggested that a subsidy shift would help to level the playing field and support growing energy sectors, namely solar power, wind power, and biofuels. History shows that no energy sector was developed without subsidies. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011) energy subsidies artificially lower the price of energy paid by consumers, raise the price received by producers or lower the cost of production. â€Å"Fossil fuels subsidies costs generally outweigh the benefits.Subsidies to renewables and low-carbon energy technologies can bring long-term economic and environmental benefits†. In November 2011, an IEA report entitled Deploying Renewables 2011 said â€Å"subsidies in green energy technologies that were not yet competitive are justified in order to give an incentive to investing into technologies with clear environmental and energy security benefits†. The IEA's report disagreed with claims that renewable energy technologies are only viable through costly subsidies and not able to produce energy reliably to meet de mand.In the US, the wind power industry has recently increased its lobbying efforts considerably, spending about $5 million in 2009 after years of relative obscurity in Washington. By comparison, the US nuclear industry alone spent over $650 million on its lobbying efforts and campaign contributions during a single ten year period ending in 2008. Following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, Germany's federal government is working on a new plan for increasing energy efficiency and renewable energy commercialization, with a particular focus on offshore wind farms.Under the plan large wind turbines will be erected far away from the coastlines, where the wind blows more consistently than it does on land, and where the enormous turbines won't bother the inhabitants. The plan aims to decrease Germany's dependence on energy derived from coal and nuclear power plants. Commenting on the EU's 2020 renewable energy target, Economist, Professor Dieter Helm, is critical of how the costs of win d power are cited by lobbyists. Helm also says that the problem of intermittent supply will probably lead to another dash-for-gas or dash-for-coal inEurope, possibly with a negative impact on energy security. A House of Lords Select Committee report (2008) on renewable energy in the UK reported a â€Å"concern over the prospective role of wind generated and other intermittent sources of electricity in the UK, in the absence of a break-through in electricity storage technology or the integration of the UK grid with that of continental Europe. Many wind power companies work with local communities to reduce environmental and other concerns associated with particular wind farms. In other cases there is direct community ownership of wind farm projects.Appropriate government consultation, planning and approval procedures also help to minimize environmental risks. Some may still object to wind farms but, according to The Australia Institute, their concerns should be weighed against the ne ed to address the threats posed by climate change and the opinions of the broader community. In America, wind projects are reported to boost local tax bases, helping to pay for schools, roads and hospitals. Wind projects also revitalize the economy of rural communities by providing steady income to farmers and other landowners.In the UK, both the National Trust and the Campaign to Protect Rural England have expressed concerns about the effects on the rural landscape caused by inappropriately sited wind turbines and wind farms. Some wind farms have become tourist attractions. The White lee Wind Farm Visitor Centre has an exhibition room, a learning hub, a cafe with a viewing deck and also a shop. It is run by the Glasgow Science Centre. In Denmark, a loss-of-value scheme gives people the right to claim compensation for loss of value of their property if it is caused by proximity to a wind turbine.The loss must be at least 1% of the property’s value. There have been numerous re ports of those living close to wind turbines suffering adverse health effects from noise, vibration and shadow flicker, and in 2009 New York Pediatrician, Dr. Nina Pierpont, claimed to have identified an effect for which she coined the term â€Å"Wind Turbine Syndrome†. An industry commissioned review of the current research on the possible health effects of wind turbine noise and vibration reported in 2010 that, â€Å"the sound (including sub audible sound) is not unique, and does not pose a risk to human health.Although the sound may cause ‘annoyance’ for some people, this in itself is not an adverse health effect. † The findings of the report have, however, been questioned on a number of grounds including; that the reviewing group did not include an epidemiologist, usually a given for assessing potential environmental health hazards, and that there was no clear description of the methods the researchers used to search for available research, nor how the y rated the quality of the research. In October 2010 The Society for Wind Vigilance held an international symposium concerning the subject.A study on wind farm noise published in 2012 by The US state of Massachusetts reported that people are annoyed by sound from wind turbines at far lower sound levels than they are by noises from railroads, aircraft, or road traffic. The study found the percentage of respondents who found noise levels highly annoying rose quickly as sound levels increased above about 37dbA (about the level of a conversation). Wind Power Is A very good resource for energy I think that everybody should use win power in the future

The Problem of Corruption Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

The Problem of Corruption - Dissertation Example The dissertation "The Problem of Corruption" talks about the understanding the relationship between democracy and corruption which becomes imperative as corruption goes global. The problem of corruption is considered as â€Å"one of the greatest obstacle for socio-economic development†. The issue is no longer just a national concern, but it is now also considered as a global problem. However, it has been observed that the problem of corruption is more prevalent and its consequences more debilitating in developing countries. In fact, according to Hyslop, corruption in a poor country is not only an issue regarding economics, but it concretely becomes a question of justice since corruption in the health sector means no antibiotics and other medicines in rural clinics. Corruption in infrastructures means no feeder roads created. The experience of corruption in developing countries rebounds to experience and perpetuation of poverty among its people. In this regard, corruption becom es one of the most pressing issues that have to be addressed by all stakeholders. In the face of the global concern regarding corruption, one factor that has captured the attention of scholars and politicians is the role of democracy. For globalization to push through, market and economic democracy have to be embraced by countries. In this context, democracy is understood as the removal of trade barriers allowing the opening of the economy to foreign trade and investment. This current economic situation has opened the global reach of corruption.... Background of the Study The problem of corruption is considered as â€Å"one of the greatest obstacle for socio-economic development† (World Bank, 2001). The issue is no longer just a national concern, but it is now also considered as a global problem (Hartnell et al., 1999). However, it has been observed that the problem of corruption is more prevalent and its consequences more debilitating in developing countries (World Bank, 2001). In fact, according to Hyslop (2005), corruption in a poor country is not only an issue regarding economics, but it concretely becomes a question of justice since corruption in the health sector means no antibiotics and other medicines in rural clinics. Corruption in infrastructures means no feeder roads created. The experience of corruption in developing countries redounds to experience and perpetuation of poverty among its people (Hyslop, 2005). In this regard, corruption becomes one of the most pressing issues that have to be addressed by all s takeholders. In the face of the global concern regarding corruption, one factor that has captured the attention of scholars and politicians is the role of democracy. For globalization to push through, market and economic democracy has to be embraced by countries (Soros, 2002; Killion, 2003; Fischer, 2003). In this context, democracy is understood as the removal of trade barriers allowing the opening of the economy to foreign trade and investment. This current economic situation has opened the global reach of corruption vis-a-vis the necessity of democracy in globalization. Take for example, the condition of China. China’s integration in the global market requires the adoption of the open door economic policies. This action entails market democracies, which means less

Heart of Darkness- Author Joseph Conrad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Heart of Darkness- Author Joseph Conrad - Essay Example In the beginning epigraph , Marlow’s comment about Congo as one of the dark places of the earth already provokes the reader to explore the meaning of darkness. Was it literal being in the dark continent? Was darkness symbolic of men’s hearts an d not the color of their skin? The succeeding discussion will illuminate us about the important quotes on the work of Conrad. In the novella, the setting, symbolism, motif and all point towards darkness whether literally or figuratively. However, a more sinister lesson is established in the story – that â€Å"darkness† is something constant in the hearts of men. Somehow, this is alluding to the Biblical explanation about the source of wars as explained in the book of James. All conflicts, wars and envy begins in the heart of man. Man’s heart is often considered as something full of evil desires and cannot be trusted. Although his actions may manifest something, his motives are deceiving. Colonialism is one of man’s longings for it brings power and wealth. Greed is one of the deadly sins which is a recurring theme in this literary piece. The heinous crimes committed against the natives can be traced to the roots of greed. In modern day-setting, there is no difference when one country invades another in the guise of helping when actually, it already impedes the democracy of the subordinate country so as to gain access to its resources. The intent is the same but the strategy is quite different. If in the novel the Belgian colonizers use force to impose their authority to the natives, modern and developed countries use trade impositions and political diplomacy to get what they need. At the beginning, the reader may think the Darkness being pertained to is the skin color of the Africans as well as the connotation that Congo is in the Dark Continent. But as one goes along the story, it can be sensed that even the natural surroundings are gloomy which forebodes something dark or

The Transition from Applicant to New Employee Essay

The Transition from Applicant to New Employee - Essay Example This study highlights both the employee and employer struggle in the initial period of the recruitment process to make the transition as smooth as possible and shorten the learning curve. Organizations start this process as soon as they get an application against a vacancy. The interview process and the orientation for the new employee become the foundations of a lasting relationship. Successful organizations foster a learning environment in which employees get to build their skills and eventually become more productive with time. The employee entering the organization relies on the existing culture and workforce for guidance and deliverance. Employees adopt the values of the culture prevailing in the organization and will easily adapt to the new environment if they feel comfortable to it. Employees will also be more receptive of information if they feel attached to the work they are put to do. As the discussion stresses millions of students graduate every year form colleges and universities around the globe. Many of them could be in search of their first real job. The past twenty years of their life they have been cradled with support from friends, family, counsellors, instructors and the corporations that hold yearly seminars. After graduating from college, they may find themselves completely alone, standing in front of a tall building, thinking of which door is the entrance and which door is the exit. Confidence matters a lot as they go in for an entry test or start the interview process.

The offer from Big Ideas Limited for Project Management Limited Statistics

The offer from Big Ideas Limited for Management Limited - Statistics Project Example According to the initial agreement, BIL would pay PML a fixed consultancy fee of UKP10, 000. The level of participants is middle level managers with 2-3 years of work experience. It is assumed that they have basic knowledge concerning project management in general acquired in course of their management education prior to joining their jobs. A suitable medium to high-end star hotel with conference and teleconference facilities will be identified as the venue for the programme. This could preferably be based in London, or the outskirts, depending upon the cost factor. As the participants already have a basic knowledge of the subject matter, and a couple of years of experience, the conference will be held in a more interactive environment. The sessions will include the following: Ideally the participants should belong to one organisation for more effective analysis and project management solutions. However, in case such a large intake from a single client organisation is not feasible, a maximum of 5 organisations from the same or similar business environment (such as IT or ICT) will be preferred. PML will take up a marketing campaign to firm up the participant list well in advance. ... To achieve significant returns to the client, BIL To attain a breakeven performance financially in a worst-case scenario. Programme Contents As the participants already have a basic knowledge of the subject matter, and a couple of years of experience, the conference will be held in a more interactive environment. The sessions will include the following: FORENOON SESSION (0900 - 1315, with Tea break: 1130 - 1145) Inaugural - 30 minutes Presentation: "Effective Project Management - the Key to Organisational Success in the New Millennium" - by expert faculty - 60 min Brainstorming/Experience Sharing Session: Team-based (5 teams of 50 each): "Success Stories and Fiascos in Project Management" - 60 min Analysis and Presentations - by Team Leaders - 60 min Summing up and Lessons Learnt - by Program Anchor (management expert) - 30 min LUNCH: 1315 - 1400 POST-LUNCH SESSION (1400 - 1700) Presentation: "The Power of Technology and Innovation in Successful Project Management" - by expert faculty - 60 min Presentation: Case Study of a successful Project Management - by expert faculty - 60 min Ask the Expert: Teleconferencing with 3 management experts from Oxford, Harvard, and Wharton Business School (participants can query the experts) - 30 min Appraisal and Feedback: 30 min Participant Profile Ideally the participants should belong to one organisation for more effective analysis and project management solutions. However, in case such a large intake from a single client organisation is not feasible, a maximum of 5 organisations from the same or similar business environment (such as IT or ICT) will be preferred. PML will take up a marketing campaign to firm up the participant list well in advance. The campaign will

Thailand's Economic Development and Growth Research Paper

Thailand's Economic Development and Growth - Research Paper Example The research strategy is mainly deductive in nature. The findings from this paper suggest that Thailand has experienced a steady surge in the GDP over the years. There has been positive impact of this growth on the social factors like, level of literacy, conditions of Health and finally, the impact on poverty of the nation. This work has identified two areas of shortcomings for Thailand to improve: it has to focus on the quality of secondary education and reduce the inequality of income between the rich and the poor. Thailand has been a success story and the policies followed by it have been taken as a lesson for other developing economies to follow. Thailand’s incredible growth has put it in the league of the other Asian tigers. This work has found out that the regional pockets of poverty in Thailand needs serious attention from the Government. The government must follow inclusive growth policies to include the poorest of the poor into the formal structure of the labor market in order to reduce the income inequality. Introduction The economic progress witnessed by Thailand is perhaps one of the most interesting economic development literatures that continue to interest economists all over the world. Such in fact has been the pace of growth of Thailand’s economy, that in a recent study by the World Bank, Thailand has been upgraded to the status of a high middle-income economy from a low middle-income one in 2011 (The World Bank, 2013). So, the pertinent question revolves around the wide economic changes during the period of 1980’s to 2000 that had led the economy to achieve the status that it had achieved today. It was observed that during the specified time period, Thailand had experienced an increasing trend of capital inflows by opening up its economy and integrating it with the world economy (Beja, Junvith and Ragusett, n.d.). About two decades ago, Thailand experienced a growth that had become exemplary worldwide and since then, its su ccess story acts as a benchmark for the other economies to follow. However, right at the end of the millennium, the noteworthy rise came to a grinding halt due to the unfavorable conditions of the world economy, better known as the Asian crisis. This paper aims to understand the factors which were responsible for such high rates of growth in Thailand. For the research purpose, the period from 1980’s to 2000 has been considered. The main objective is to evaluate the growth of the economy along with studying the growth of population, in this period. Then, the impact of growth on the level of literacy and conditions of health will be analyzed in details. An inductive methodology is used for the purpose. Based on the findings, the results are drawn accordingly. The paper mainly tries to understand the reasons behind the economic growth admitting the fact that there was indeed a huge growth (Chuenchoksan and Nakornthab, 2008). The most astonishing aspect, inspite of the definite i ncome growth, is the spectacular levels of income inequality.

Corporate Social Responsibility Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example As an international franchise, this is an opportunity to participate in counseling and such-like initiatives that will help to alleviate this drug abuse menace. First and foremost, as for a franchise in the hotel industry, the relevance of drug abuse is rife and the implications are severe. When the youth abuse drugs, insecurity, crimes and vandalism are the likeliest results of their actions with hotels (ICAP, 2004). As a hotel with such highly recognized international standards, the benefits of dealing with the menace will be immense. The youth will be rehabilitated while the company will help to make the locality a safe haven for its visitors. It will also provide a chance for guests to invest in the area thereby providing a great leverage for raising the standards of living of the local people (Benabou and Tirole, 2010). The youth will engage in meaningful social and economic activities, hence assuring the industry of its continuity. This is a low-cost initiative, given the benef its expected at the end of it all. Given that most of the Marriot employees are from within the locality, the initiative has a high chance of success. The employees will lead the initiative while directing the management team to areas with the greatest need for resources and specialized attention. This will also act as a way of recognizing the employees’ efforts, hence maintaining loyalty within the workforce. Therefore, less money will be used to contract people to take part in the whole process. The company will save money that could have been used for advertisements since the employees will act as the advertisers in the locality (Benabou and Tirole, 2010). Once its kicks off, the project will require lesser monetary contributions from the company. This is so because the number of sponsors is expected to increase and support this noble cause. The youth will also have their initiatives from which they will gain money and sustain themselves. The implementation will be as foll ows. Employees from the locality will be given a chance to map out the areas that require the company’s intervention. After the areas have been identified, the neediest of them all will be picked as the first to receive assistance (Thompson, 2005). This will act as the stepping stone to all other areas since the success or failure of the first initiative will determine the approaches used to tackle the remaining ones, and thus mapping the initiative’s success path. The hotel will then include the costs of hiring the counseling personnel to train the works on how to go about this issue and what factors to look out for when seeking to help individuals affected by drug abuse. This is crucial as it increases awareness and allows each to use their skills and any prior information to ensure the initiative succeeds (ICAP, 2004). The creation of rehabilitation centers is also important as a way of ensuring that those young people who wish to get help can have a place where the y can run to without being judged or mistreated. To ensure the company benefits from this initiative, there are several aspects that need to be done from the initial stages. The employees must first be brought on board for full participation to be accorded. Those who will be at work will also

The Economic, Social And Physical Impacts Of ECOC Essay Example for Free

The Economic, Social And Physical Impacts Of ECOC Essay The award of European Capital of Culture to Liverpool (ECOC) 2008 in 2003 helped to revive the dreams of this south eastern city as it had been experiencing an all time economic low. As the city seeks to revive the former image of its city centre, industrial sites and economy, it has adopted the legacy of culture – led regeneration. The people of this city have been seeking to take Liverpool from economic and cultural oblivion to where it is supposed to be today. Liverpool has grown from economic decline to new improving heights of economic growth which are still on an upward trend due to numerous investment activities. The award of ECOC has seen the city achieve tremendous growth in all sectors for example the industrial, investment and cultural sectors. The economic, social and environmental impacts of ECOC In June 2003, Liverpool surprised many by being nominated to become UK’s European Capital of Culture, ECOC (2008). This decision was influenced by several factors such as the city’s art collections, a wide range of cultural collections as well as the city’s architecture. This has in some way contributed to several regeneration objectives. The award of Liverpool ECOC 2008 has greatly enabled the city to emerge from a state of economic decline to a vibrant economy. In fact Liverpool’s economy is among the leading in the entire UK. The city has been regenerated and sites which had been neglected have undergone renewal to such an extend that they now fit the class of a world-class city. Liverpool needs to strike a balance between the social, cultural and economic dimensions of urban regeneration of an event-driven nature with a view to strengthening the role played by urban cultural policy. This city will succeed to re-image and regenerate itself through special events and cultural activity. Fortunately, the opportunity to do these two most important things has been granted by the award in 2003 of ECOC. It is now upon the city to make the most of this chance and lift itself from the economic problems it has been facing for sometime now. Liverpool needs to strike a balance between the social, cultural and economic dimensions of urban regeneration of an event-driven nature with a view to strengthening the role played by urban cultural policy. This city will succeed to re-image and regenerate itself through special events and cultural activity. Fortunately, the opportunity to do these two most important things has been granted by the award in 2003 of ECOC. It is now upon the city to make the most of this chance and lift itself from the economic problems it has been facing for sometime now. The future of the cities that will become ECOC cities looks bright as the standards have been set (Booth, 1996, p. 79). They can draw from the examples of Liverpool, Glasgow and Barcelona in order to plan on how to approach the three major issues of economic growth, cultural and social development all balanced (Balibrea, 2001, p. 187-210). The growing interest to use of culture as a tool to facilitate urban regeneration is a result of efforts whose objective is to turn industrial cities into economies that are service-oriented. This legacy has been highly successful in Liverpool. It has impacted positively drawing the attention to potential investors to this city which has resulted in an economic turnaround. For over 30 years, this has been the major preoccupation of many European cities who are members of European Capital of Culture (ECOC). In 1990, Glasgow became the first city to engage actively in ECOC assessment and this has shaped the objectives of ECOC members since then. For Glasgow, this assessment bore fruits as the economic impact was instant. Liverpool on its part emphasizes strong community involvement (Gomez, 1998, p. 85). The danger with this approach is that the authorities in charge of this initiative seem to be focusing too much on social cohesion to the detriment of the projected financial and economic impacts. Future ECOC cities need to draw a balance between socio-cultural and economic objectives so as to arrive at achievable objectives for an all round development of their cities (Boyle, 1997, p. 96). ECOC 08 will be assessed in terms of economic, social and physical impacts. On the field of economics, the four areas that need to be assessed carefully are; job creation, unemployment, tourism and the business or corporate sector. The reorganization of the city’s physical features for example parks and playgrounds and the control of industrial emissions impact a lot on the environment The award of Liverpool ECOC 2008 has had both positive and negative results, but the gains outweigh the losses by a big margin. The establishment of Urban Regeneration Company paved the way for urban renaissance (Du Noyer, 2002, pp. 63-71. This was the first of its kind in the country. Another driving force was the success of the culture bid which has facilitated the starting up of many economic activities which have been of a lot of benefit to the city of Liverpool (Bianchini, 1990. pp. 41-68). This came along with various economic benefits for example in the tourism sector as the number of visitors to Liverpool in one year more than doubled. It was expected that 12,000 more jobs would be created in the tourism sector. The branding of Liverpool as ‘the world in one city’ has resulted in many economic gains, not only in the tourism sector, but in several other areas. This slogan simply implies cosmopolitanism, multiculturalism and social diversity. It has generated an additional spending of 2 billion pounds into the city’s economy which is a major boost to the overall economy which had been lagging far behind those of other cities and even that of England as a country (Duffy Hutchinson, 1997, p. 41). It is justifiable to say that Liverpool’s bid has been successful in reversing economic decline, a factor that has been occasioned by a change in the way the city’s government formulates its policies. Besides, the award has triggered a wave of numerous investments in the city. This has been a major boost to the economy of Liverpool and it is no wonder it is the most flourishing economy in the country, having outgrown that of the country itself. It is a fact that regeneration programmes that lack the component of culture can not work, and as a result of this Liverpool has incorporated into its programmes this dimension of evaluation. This has offered a chance for involvement by the community in the urban policy of the city and it is through this genuine involvement that a successful regeneration has been achieved. Urban entrepreneurialism has got a chance in the city and many investors have established various businesses in the various sectors that have come up in the wake of the award. Private sector investment has been on a sharp increase in this city especially in the retail business, call-centres, offices and hotels. The overall number of tourists visiting the city of Liverpool has increased at a very high rate and the spending of has almost doubled from 335 million pounds to 604 million pounds. The number of International passengers arriving at Liverpool airport has also increased to 190 percent. The impact of this trend is an improved economy, more job creation and an increase in social activities due to interaction with people of different cultures from all over the world and the result is an enrichment of the cities culture (Kong, L. 2000 pp 385-390). The impacts of ECOC 08 are that there has been a registered growth of employment of up to 10. 4%, and this growth is higher than that of all other major cities of the UK, for example Manchester, London and Birmingham. The economy of Liverpool has been enjoying a steady growth over the years and it is now catching up with the rest of the other cities in the UK. This has been aided by the political changes that have taken place since 2003 when it was awarded ECOC 08. The average economic growth is actually above that of the UK itself. Besides bringing considerable economic gains, Liverpool ECOC 08 has enabled investment; specifically in those projects that promote social cohesion as well as those that promote cultural activity on a grassroots level. Projects whose job is to redevelop central parts of Liverpool are increasingly becoming prominent. Paradise Street is one such part which is being developed at a cost of 800 million pounds. The benefits of this project include the creation of four thousand permanent jobs mainly in the retailing sector. Merseyside has not been left behind as private investment has been on a rapid increase, and there is a 30% increase in the investors who have shown interest in putting up investments there as announced by Mersey Partnership, a group that has been on the fore front pushing for this cause. This in turn translates to an increment in job creation and subsequently more employment opportunities. Potential investors have been flocking Liverpool to get a chance to do business in the wake of the Liverpool ECOC 08 award. The housing sector is among the greatest beneficiaries. The investors in this sector have been making supernormal profits given the fact that property prices have risen by 10 percent. This indeed is a considerable increase and the implication is that profits have also gone up by the same margin if not more. This has been brought about by speculation which has kept these prices going up (Eisinger, 2000. p. 36). This sector is experiencing speculative purchases and this is the main factor which has been driving prices up. The success story of Liverpool is attributed to the report called ‘socio-economic assessment impact’ plan which was drafted way before the city won the bid. This impact assessment would be put in place in the event of Liverpool winning the bid, which it did, and therefore it started from a point of advantage having anticipated and prepared enough for the sudden change of status and the way business would be conducted afterwards. This report had as principal focus assessment of the economic impact the award would bring to Liverpool, Merseyside including the North West region. It focuses on what the culture is able to make in terms of the urban competitiveness, critical mass in culture sport which are the basic requirements for the city as well as the national economy to be competitive. The report undertook a detailed analysis on the trends of employment industries and creative culture based in the city (Duffy Hutchinson, 1997, p. 40. The increase in investors in Liverpool has had the positive impact of the creation of 32,000 new jobs which had been projected in the report. These jobs are mainly in the cultural as well as the creative industries. This has been successful as a result of trend growth. Liverpool is a shining example of economic success. This is so because the city had been going through economic recession prior to the late 1990s when its council’s senior management had to be radically reorganized and attention was shifted to addressing the issue of economic decline which had been the case for over 30 years. The driving force to this sudden change of things was as the result of a study called the ‘Liverpool – Manchester Vision Study’ which sought to find a solution to the woes that had been facing these cities for a long time (Cochrane, Peck Tickell, 1996, pp. 3-79). The ultimate solution to this would be to draft a legacy which includes all the stakeholders, more specifically in the tourism sector where everybody had to be brought on board. Liverpool’s renaissance draws heavily from a policy agenda which is pro-growth in orientation but the problem with this renaissance is that the distribution of resources is unequal. This explai ns the rather odd fact that the poorest people in the UK are to be found in Merseyside (Evans, 2003, p. 83). These are families who earn less than 10,000 pounds per year. The council authorities in Liverpool should not lose focus neither let go of the opportunity presented by the award so as to draw up legacies that will help spur socio – economic growth. This should be done with the aim of raising the standards of living for these people, especially those of Merseyside. On the social impacts, the local people have shown an increase of interest in cultural activities and as a result almost all creative artists are local. These local artists account for 90 percent of the total number of artists that the city has, with only 10 percent coming from outside Liverpool (Landry, 2000, p. 72). This city has an encouraging record when it comes to cultural innovation but it has a very long way to go because it still has the worst cases of inequalities in the entire UK. This seems to be getting some attention because in re-branding the city, an attempt has been made to address such inequalities as well as poverty and as a result multiculturalism as well as ethnic diversity has been adopted (Cheshire, 1990. p. 39). A god example of this inequality is the Somali community in the range of 2500-300 living in Liverpool and despite their continued stay they still can not speak, write or read English (Atkinson, 2003, pp 67-95). This clearly is an indication that they have not been included in the council’s programmes and certainly something has to be done to bring them on board for purposes of cultural diversity. For a solution, the local council and the government should make it a priority to bring improvements that are sustainable and long term. This is a picture of the cultural aspects that shape the cultural and social landscape of the diverse people of the city of Liverpool. Liverpool is undergoing re-branding and therefore it needs to be on the watch out for contradictions that are likely to emerge. These developments have not had much of a negative impact on the environment as pollution has been contained. The advantage is that the city has been cleaner than before, an effort that has been put so as to attract more investors and to promote tourism. Conclusion Future ECOC cities need to draw from the example of Liverpool and draw comparisons with the big success of Glasgow in order to draw realistic objectives for the development of their cities economically, culturally, socially and industrially. This is the only way through which these cities can be sure of a future legacy. This formula has worked before and its implementation should not be very difficult if the objectives that they set are realistic. In drawing their objectives, future ECOC cities should thoroughly assess their potentials, weigh their options and get their priorities right to avoid some of the shortcomings that Liverpool has been experiencing as a result of emphasizing too much on some areas and giving others little attention. The environment should be a major consideration in policy-making. The topic of environment has been the ‘Achilles heel’ of many industrialists and this signifies the importance it should be accorded. There should be regulations on how industrial waste should be disposed of in order to avoid polluting the environment, for the safety of all. The government must ensure that the city sustains this kind of industrial growth and increase its efforts towards the coexistence of the different communities for faster growth and development. The cities that aspire to be ECOC cities should do a lot especially in the areas of cultural diversity and regeneration so as to achieve this goal.

The Very Concept Or Idea Of God Philosophy Essay

The Very Concept Or Idea Of God Philosophy Essay Ontological arguments attempt to show that the very concept or idea of God implies his reality; that is, that ones being able to clearly conceive of God somehow implies that God actually exists. The ontological argument is a priori. This means that the argument does not rely on the evidence of the sense, or the world around us, for either its premises or its conclusion, but rather it moves by stages of logical argument to a conclusion which is self-evidently true or logically necessary. The argument is both deductive and analytic. This means that the premises of the argument contain the conclusion it reaches and the argument is structured in such a way as to make the conclusion the only possible one that can be deduced from its premises. Because it is analytic it is true by definition alone. The ontological argument was first formulated by eleventh century Archbishop of Canterbury, St. Anselm. Anselms original version of the argument is developed in his Proslogion in the course of some reflections on the fool who hath said in his heart, There is no God. Anselm reasons that even to deny Gods existence, the fool must understand the idea of God, who must exist as an idea in the understanding of the fool. Anselm suggests that the idea of God is the greatest possible being, a being than which nothing greater can be conceived. Anselm claims that it is greater to exist in reality than merely to exist in the understanding. Since God is by definition the greatest possible being, it is impossible for God to only exist in the mind (the understanding). For if God only existed in the mind and not in reality, the God would not be the greatest possible being. Anselms argument is an essential idea of the ontological argument because he was the first scholar to formulate the ontological argument which other philosophers, including modern scholars, use as the basis of their developments to the ontological argument. Five hundred years after Anselm, the French philosopher Rene Descartes reformulated the ontological proof, in terms of the concept of necessary existence. Descartes realised that doubting all of his knowledge proved his existence: I think, therefore I am. Similar to Anselm, Descartes defined God as an infinitely perfect being superior to all beings in perfection. He argued that because we exist and in our minds, have the concept of a perfect being; and as an imperfect being, we could not have conjured up the concept of a perfect being. The concept of a perfect being must therefore have originated from the perfect being itself and a perfect being must exist in order to be perfect, therefore a perfect being exists. Descartes applied his argument for a perfect being to the existence of God. He argued that God is the idea of a supremely perfect being. A supremely perfect being has all perfections. Existence is a perfection. A supremely perfect being has the perfection of existence. It is impossible to think of God as not existing, therefore, God exists. Descartes maintained existence belonged analytically to God in the same way that three angles are analytically predicated of a triangle, or less convincingly, as a valley is a necessary predicate of a mountain. Norman Malcolm proposed another form of the ontological argument in support of necessary existence. Malcolm argued; if God exists, his existence is necessary; if God does not exist, his existence is impossible. Either God exists or he does not exist. Therefore Gods existence is either necessary or impossible. Gods existence is possible (not impossible), therefore Gods existence is necessary. Malcolms argument is an essential idea of the ontological argument because it is a development of both Anselms and Descartes arguments and logically proves the necessary existence of God. Alvin Plantinga formulated his own, contemporary version of the ontological argument. Plantainga suggested that since we are able to imagine any number of alternative worlds in which things may be quite different, for example a world in which John F Kennedy decided not to become a politician and been an estate agent instead. There must be any number of possible worlds, including our own. However, if Gods existence is necessary, he must exist in them all and have all the characteristics of God in them all. This is because, Plantinga argued, God is both maximally great and maximally excellent. He proposed that: there exists a world in which there is a being of maximal greatness, and a being of maximal excellence is omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent in all worlds. Plantingas argument is an essential idea of the ontological argument because it succeeds in showing that God is possible in all possible worlds. b) Despite the ontological argument seeming to be a strong, convincing argument for proof for the existence of God, it comes under heavy scrutiny from its weaknesses. Anselms argument was refuted in his own lifetime by Gaunilo, who demonstrated that if the logic of the argument were applied to things other than God, it led to invalid conclusions. Gaunilo replaced the word God with the greatest island which led to his argument which had the same form as Anselms, with true premises, and yet, which leads to a false conclusion. Gaunilo argued: I can conceive of an island that than which no greater island can be thought. Such an island must possess all perfections. Existence is a perfection, therefore, the island exists. Gaunilos argument shows that just because we can think of the greatest possible thing or being in our mind it does not mean that it exists in reality. However this is a weak criticism of the ontological argument and the strengths are more convincing because Gaunilo is applying the argument to a contingent object, where as God is a necessary being according to Anselm. An island may or may not exist. Furthermore, there is no logical poin t at which we might reasonably say that we have reached intrinsic perfection in an island or other islands, or other contingent things, is surely subjective I cannot possibly guarantee that my perfect island is the same as yours. Therefore the strengths of the ontological argument are much more convincing than Gaunilos criticism because it shows that the argument works when applied to a necessary being, where as Gaunilo applied it to a contingent item, which is not the same thing. Fundamental to Anselms and Descartes form of the ontological argument is that existence is a predicate an attribute or quality that can be possessed or lacked, such as size, shape, colour, temperature, personality, intelligence or traits. These may or may not belong to a being or thing, and their presence or absence is part of our understanding and apprehension of it. However Kant observed that existence is not associated with the definition of something, since it does not add to our understanding of that thing. We must establish the existence of something before we can say what it is like. We cannot ascribe existence a priori to our definition of a perfect being. Kant argues it would be self contradictory to posit a triangle and yet reject its three angles, but there is no contradiction in rejecting the triangle together with its three angles. Kants criticism of the ontological argument is very strong and causes the ontological argument to be weak and not convincing because Anselm and Descartes used existence as a predicate in their arguments and consequently they were wrong to do so because existence is not a quality because the idea of God, existence is contained within the definition of God. Kant also added that existence adds nothing to the concept of a thing or being. For example, one hundred pounds in the imagination was not made greater in number or nature by existing in reality. However this argument fails to weaken the ontological argument because arguably one hundred pounds in reality is more useful than one hundred pounds in the mind. In the same way God who only exists in the mind can have no real effect on the lives of believers; where as God who exists in reality can intervene in peoples lives and make a real difference. Despite this, Kants argument is still a strong criticism and causes the ontological argument to not be a convincing argument because you can reject the idea of God and easily thin of a being that does not exist. David Hume also criticised the ontological argument. He believed that the ontological argument makes a false assumption about existence that necessary existence was a coherent concept. Hume argued that existence could only ever be contingent and that all statements about existence could be denied without contradiction. All things which could be said to exist could also be said not to exist. Hume said: However much our concept of an object may contain, we must go outside of it to determine whether or not it exists. We cannot define something into existence even if it has all the perfections we can imagine. Humes criticism is similar to Kants and makes the ontological argument a less convincing argument because it is not possible to move from the necessary of a proposition to the necessity of a God. In conclusion the ontological argument is a fairly convincing argument despite its various criticisms. The ontological argument cannot be disproved but it also cannot be proved, yet it remains a fairly strong and convincing argument for the existence of God. It is the strongest argument for the theist but it can be argued that it cannot be a strong argument or proof for the existence of God because there is no empirical evidence to prove its claims. However, I believe that it remains a fairly convincing argument because if God is the greatest being, by definition, God must be a necessary being, and in order to be the great being conceivable, God must exist in reality.

Web Design Essay -- Internet Graphics Designing Essays

Web Design Introduction When the Internet and World Wide Web were first created, they were designed a research tools and for the distribution of information through information systems networks. But as the use of the Web has become increasingly more complex, the focus on Web pages and their design has initiated a number of major changes. Initially, static Web pages were common, but the focus in recent years has been on the development of dynamic Web pages which are linked to databases and allow for the integration of information on a number of different levels. Web sites have progressed to a new level of sophistication, especially in terms of their capacity to track and store usage patterns and allow for the utilization of this information in the development of target advertising and focusing for both the Web page and subsequent connected databases (Tebbe N23). The development of dynamic Web sites requires strong tools and correlated databases that can retain the information that is gathered through this tracking process, and in order to become truly dynamic, Web sites must also be able to provide a company with the most up-to-date information or data that is both clear and graphically appealing (Tebbe N23). It is not surprising that many of the major industry developers have focused on ways to develop better and more interactive Web pages, and Microsoft and Netscape, for example, have focused on the development of enhanced version of HTML as a means of supporting the development of dynamic Web sites without requiring that developers have significant expertise in composing ActiveX and Java applets (Dobson 23). These forms of dynamic HTML, also known as DHTML, have been recognized as a means of maintaining standard uniformity through out the development process (Dobson 23). Over the past 3 years, the World Wide Web Consortium has been working on the preliminary specifications for critical aspects of the Document Object Model that would provide a standard for how scripts and programs are dynamically updated and how access to documents can be achieved (Dobson 23). These underpinnings of the development of dynamic Web pages underscore some of the industry issues, but do not reflect the impetus from which these Web pages came into focus. In order to understand the foundations for their development and their current significance, it is ne... ...on that is beneficial for the person accessing the site, but should also provide a structural element from which evaluations can be made by companies providing these sites. Though the structural elements of the Web site itself is imperative to attracting hits to the site, this is clearly not only element that has changed in Web site development in recent years. The focus on databases as a component of Web site interactivity is also a major element that has transformed the focus of Web site developers. It is evident that the continued changes in the industry will focus on increasing the interactivity in Web sites and improving the progression of dynamic Web sites in general. Works Cited Dobson, Rick. â€Å"Developers like DHTML, but many wait.† Byte, (2011): September, pp. 23(2). Heck, Mike. â€Å"iHTML builds database-driven, dynamic Web sites effortlessly.† InfoWorld, (2010): January, pp. 58F(1). Lam, John. â€Å"Visual InterDev and ASP.† PC Magazine, (2011): December, pp. 265(4). Mendelson, Edward. â€Å"Grand designs.† PC Magazine, (2009): March 4, pp. 100(13). Tebbe, Mark. â€Å"Surf’s over: here comes the big wave.† PC Week, (2009): November 18, pp. N23(1).

Comparing Keynesian Economics and Supply Side Economic Theories :: Economy

Comparing Keynesian Economics and Supply Side Economic Theories Two controversial economic policies are Keynesian economics and Supply Side economics. They represent opposite sides of the economic policy spectrum and were introduced at opposite ends of the 20th century, yet still are the most famous for their effects on the economy of the United States when they were used. The founder of Keynesian economic theory was John Maynard Keynes. He made many great accomplishments during his time and probably his greatest was what he did for America in its hour of need. During the 1920's, the U.S. experienced a stock market crash of enormous proportions which crippled the economy for years. Keynes knew that to recover as soon as possible, the government had to intervene and put a decrease on taxes along with an increase in spending. By putting more money into the economy and allowing more Americans to keep what they earned, the economy soon recovered and once again became prosperous. Keynes ideas were very radical at the time, and Keynes was called a socialist in disguise. Keynes was not a socialist, he just wanted to make sure that the people had enough money to invest and help the economy along. As far as stressing extremes, Keynesian economics pushed for a â€Å"happy medium† where output and prices are constant, and there is no surplus in supply, but also no deficit. Supply Side economics emphasized the supply of goods and services. Supply Side economics supports higher taxes and less government spending to help economy. Unfortunately, the Supply Side theory was applied in excess during a period in which it was not completely necessary. The Supply Side theory, also known as Reganomics, was initiated during the Regan administration.

Aborigines and their Place In Politics :: social issues

Aborigines and their Place In Politics For much of their history, Australia ¡Ã‚ ¦s major parties did not perceive a need to have  ¡Ã‚ ¥Aboriginal affairs ¡Ã‚ ¦ policies, but this altered in the 1960s and 1970s as the Aboriginal interest came to occupy a more prominent position. The policies of recent major governments, those being the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and the Coalition, consisting of the Liberal Party and National Party, have changed drastically since the Federation of Australia. The approaches throughout history of these major parties will be discussed briefly in order to gain an understanding of the foundation of each party ¡Ã‚ ¦s beliefs and platforms in regards to Aborigines. The main political issues facing Aborigines in society today will be identified, and subsequently the main political parties approach and policies will be distinguished in relation to each issue. Finally, recent policies and legislation introduced by the main political parties will be introduced and discussed. From 1937, the approach of all governments was one of  ¡Ã‚ ¥assimilation ¡Ã‚ ¦, whereby Aborigines would submit to indoctrination in white ways before taking their place in the general Australian community. However, in time this policy came under intensifying attack on all sides, with critics claiming the policy denied these individuals of their Aboriginal culture, and enforced the notion of the superiority of the white culture. For a time,  ¡Ã‚ ¥integration ¡Ã‚ ¦ became a policy of the Commonwealth, though it was hard to identify the distinction between  ¡Ã‚ ¥assimilation ¡Ã‚ ¦ and  ¡Ã‚ ¥integration ¡Ã‚ ¦. As attitudes changed, State governments began to amend many of the laws that denied Aborigines equality with whites. In 1967, all parties maintained the proposed Constitutional amendment. Although attitudes had begun to change, little had been done to encroach such altered attitudes in definite government policies. The Labor Party made the most positive pitch for these interests, and at its 1971 Federal Conference, Gough Whitlam led the party into conceiving the most detailed Aboriginal affairs policy yet adopted up until this period, by a major party. This called for the establishment of a full Aboriginal affairs department. Whitlam guaranteed that a Labor government would not falter to override any State laws  ¡Ã‚ ¥which discriminated against Aborigines, or which supervised Aborigines, or which reduced the opportunities for Aborigines to conduct themselves as they wished ¡Ã‚ ¦. Shifting aside  ¡Ã‚ ¥assimilation ¡Ã‚ ¦ and  ¡Ã‚ ¥integration ¡Ã‚ ¦, Labor adopted  ¡Ã‚ ¥self-determination ¡Ã‚ ¦, a policy which spoke of Aborigines ultimately being able to  ¡Ã‚ ¥decide the pace and nature of their future development ¡Ã‚ ¦, where they would  ¡Ã‚ ¥take a real and effective responsibility for their own affairs ¡Ã ‚ ¦.

Evolution Of Human Resource Management Functions

During the early phases of the industrial revolution, employees who worked in mills had to undergo highly rough conditions where they were underpaid and had to work for long hours under really hapless conditions of hygiene. These conditions outraged the employees who worked in such mills and they initiated labour public violences. As a consequence of these public violences the authorities intervened to supply basic protection for labours or employees of such mills. This was done through the debut of statutory ordinances and all mill proprietors were required to follow with these statutory ordinances. As a consequence the mill proprietors were forced to put up a section to look into employee rewards, employee public assistance and to turn to other issues refering labour. This led to the development of Personnel Management. The development of Human Resource Management could be said to hold started with the industrial revolution when mills had established forces sections to look in to rewards and public assistance of employees. It could be said that the Personnel Management attack gave manner to the Human Resource Approach. Forces Administration: Personnel Administration concerns twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activities and bing jobs of employees. Personnel Administration could be identified as a reactive tool. Scientific Management: Scientific Management suggests there is a particular or a best manner of making things. In Scientific Management human existences were considered as machines, their feelings and attitudes were disregarded. The chief purpose of Scientific Management was merely to maximise the productiveness of the organisation. Human Relations Motion: Human Relations Movement ever anticipated the hereafter unexpected happenings before sing the current issues and believed in synergism. Government Regulations: Government Regulations were put into topographic point so that all employees would at least acquire basic protection from basic signifiers of unjust intervention. There are chiefly four Acts of the Apostless which were put into topographic point for this intent. Equal Pay Act ( 1970 ) – This act prohibits and less favourable intervention between work forces and adult females in footings of wage and conditions of employment. Here, the term wage is interpreted in a wide term and screens countries such as vacations, pension rights and company fillips. Sex Discrimination Act or Gender Discrimination Act ( 1975 ) – This act exists to protect work forces and adult females from favoritism on the evidences of sex. The Sex Discrimination act is chiefly in relation to employment, preparation, instruction, torment, proviso of goods and services and in the disposal of premises. Race Relations Act ( 1976 ) – This act exists to forestall favoritism on the evidences of race. The act besides covers favoritism on the evidences of colour, nationality, ethnicity, proviso of goods and services, instruction and public maps. This act besides established the Commission for Racial Equality. Disability Discrimination Act ( 1995 ) – This act makes it improper to know apart against people in regard of their disablements in relation to employment, the proviso of goods and services, instruction and conveyance. Human Resource Movement: With the Human Resource Movement greater attending was given towards societal duty and societal well being. There was more accent spring to the relationship between employers and employees. Employee thoughts and enterprises were encouraged. Strategic Human Resource Management: In Strategic Human Resource the importance of human resource considerations in long scope strategic planning has been recognized. Under Strategic Human Resource Management non merely one subdivision or section of the organisation would be considered but alternatively the organisation as a whole would be considered.The Personal Management Approach ( Early twentieth Century )The use of Personnel Management Approach was outstanding throughout the early twentieth century even though it remained administrative in nature. The Personnel Management Approach chiefly concerned itself with, Keeping employee records Guaranting conformity with declared policies Execution of maps such as enlisting, preparation and pay disposal Taking public assistance oriented steps such as supplying medical attention and inoculations Trying to increase productiveness through pay additions and preparation, and enforcement of criterions Covering with trade brotherhoods and seeking to work out industrial differences through corporate bargaining and other industrial dealingss attacks Conducting public presentation assessments The Personnel Management Approach tried to convert workers of the concern involvements, and convince direction of workers involvement and besides increase consciousness of concern about societal duty. Personnel Management was largely non involved in the company ‘s scheme and operations aspect.The Traditional Human Resource Approach ( Late twentieth Century )The Traditional Human Resource Approach evolved during the late twentieth century with the development and debut of new theories such as Maslow ‘s hierarchy of demands theory. In the Human Resource Approach the employees of an organisation were considered as valuable resources. Unlike the Personnel Management Approach the Traditional Human Resource Approach was non simply a staff map but it was more and more involved with concern operations. The followers could be identified as the chief differences between the Personnel Management Approach and the Traditional Human Resource Approach. Motivation was given to employees through assorted signifiers such as free vacations, making an active and societal community within the work force besides pecuniary inducements. Training and Development was non merely focused on supplying work related accomplishments but besides focused on altering attitudes and development of basic accomplishments Wage and Salary Administration became more complex with the debut of public presentation related payment strategiesThe Strategic Human Resource Approach ( twenty-first Century )The Strategic Human Resource Approach aligns single ends and aims with corporate ends and aims, and instead than implement regulations or dictate footings, acts as a facilitator and promotes a participative attack. The followers could be identified as the chief differences between the Traditional Human Resource Approach and the Strategic Human Resource Approach. Increased trust on public presentation based short term contracts alternatively of long term employment Direct linkage of compensation to the profitableness of the endeavor and the employee ‘s part towards such profitableness New dimensions for preparation and development map by promoting and easing invention and creativenessHow Personnel Management and Human Resource Management DifferPersonnel Management can be viewed as a tool and it concerns organisational regulations and ordinances and besides ongoing issues. Whereas, Human Resource Management foremost looks in to the long permanent hereafter and analyzes Human Resource needs. Further, Human Resource Management uses an incorporate attack to accomplish those demands with the congruity of corporate aims.Role, Tasks and Activities of a Human Resource PractitionerA Human Resource Practitioner has the chance to assist determine the success of any organisation. There are many functions, undertakings and activities that a Human Resource Practitioner should make such as, Maintain and implement an effectual HR information system and besides pull off the filing system and records for the section. Document and update occupation profiles for all employees. Maintain and reexamine approved manpower program with the relevant stakeholders on a uninterrupted footing as per the identified demands and demands. Develop and implement a Project Employment equity program as title-holder / driver of the map. Ensure timed catching and processing of employment and compensation affairs. Ensure all expirations are processed trepidly in that structured issue interviews are conducted for employees, go forthing and relevant certification completed. Distribute records to and intercede with all relevant sections within the Company. Aid in developing and implementing new and reexamining bing policies and processs. Conduct roll-out Sessionss with staff. Handle all HR / forces related questions and correspondence trepidly and intensify if needed. Ensure orientation and initiation for all new employees on HR related issues are conducted. Implement, support, advise, co-ordinate, proctor and study on Performance Management System. Reporting – compile and distribute studies on HR activities. Maintain leave records and execute leave audits when required. Employee dealingss. Employee health.Role of a Line ManagerLine directors are directors who are responsible for an employee or work group. Many organisation ‘s line directors now carry out activities, which were traditionally within the remit of HR such as supplying coaching and counsel, set abouting public presentation assessments and covering with subject and grudges. In many instances, they besides carry out enlisting and choice in concurrence with HR. First, it is of import for line directors to maintain a positive relationship with their employees, so that the employees will hold higher degree of occupation satisfaction, committedness and trueness, which are associated with higher degrees of public presentation or discretional behaviour. A line director can besides go to to the above-named if he or she does public presentation assessment. In add-on, Line directors besides play a strong portion in structuring people ‘s existent experience of making a occupation. Never the less, it is of import that line directors see through the failings of the work force and usher, train or train them with proper waies where the employees can execute their work in a higher mode. In the function of a line director, they ever involve the employees in communicating, particularly when it comes to taking determinations or work outing a job in the line – this besides known as â€Å" employee battle † . When working as a line director and playing its function, the employees should experience easy and comfy to discourse affairs with their line directors. Therefore, the line directors should be opened to his or hers loyal work force. Last but non the least it is really of import for a line director to acknowledge the part of an employee to his work topographic point.Line Management DutiesTo hold a good working relationship with the people who works under the line directors they will hold to hold some duties that would do it effectual. There are some factors that should be taken in to consideration such as, The Line Manager should do an attempt to construct a relationship with the workers under him that would be productive to the company. When the director builds a good relationship with the workers, the workers will be happy to work and they can hold treatments and derive more thoughts through the workers knowledge every bit good. The squad work with the workers will be really effectual and this will increase the productiveness of the company. The Line Manager should really careful when he conducts the public presentation of the employees since it might impact the employee positively or negatively. The Line Manager must supply more chances to the employees to hold more treatments, more work, and duties of the activities they do in order to acquire them more confident on a regular footing. This will assist the employees know what the marks are and they will be kept remembered. This will assist them remain focussed and work in order to accomplish the mark. The focal point on the public presentation and the work that the employee and director do must be a two manner procedure and both of them should be able to discuses and show their sentiment about the public presentation and what are the factors that affect the concluding result. The Line Manager should put an illustration in a manner that he would be the first one to cite by any employee when a job arises or when a determination must be made. This besides means deriving the regard that is needed by a director must be earned by the Line director. The Line Manager should supply regular updates on information and cognition to the employees in order to maintain them crisp. Some information and cognition can be merely accessed by the director and it is up to the director to guarantee he updates on employees on their employees important countries. The director must do sure he has regular meeting and treatments in order to inform the employees on the development, jobs and besides remind them the ends and aims of the company. So the employees know what is go oning around the company and how they must move to get the better of the issues. The Line Manager must place the employee ‘s strength and failing personally and must be able to do usage of it for the benefit of the company. If an employee has a peculiar strength the director must utilize it to the advantage of the company and if the employee has a failing so the director must assist the employee to get the better of this failing. The Line Manager should appreciate the employees on their good work and every bit good as advice them on the inappropriate work. The director must be able to direct the message straight and do himself clear for the employees. The Line Manager should supply advice and support when it is needed by the employees. The Line Manager should back up the fact that some employees need preparation and he must assist them derive it. To transport out all these duties expeditiously the Line Manager needs to cognize all the employees occupation description and work specification. So when the Line Manager has a clear position on that the lucidity will be when doing determination and every bit good as the Line Manager will cognize the bounds of each employees. So being a Line Manager the directors duties are chiefly holding a good relationship with the employees and understanding their demands and wants and taking them to make the activities that the director requires them to make. Making the employees work in a manner that they are satisfied with their work and allowing them know that the company does care about them in order for them to work with their bosom. Any director must cognize how to acquire to any employee since non all the employees are the same and non everyone will be satisfied with the manner the director treats the employees. Hence, understanding the employee ‘s demands and understanding a manner to derive their regard is really critical.Human resource planningHuman resource planning is the term used to depict how companies guarantee that their staff is the right staff to make the occupations. It is a systematic procedure of fiting the involvement, accomplishments, and endowments of single community members with the l ong term ends and economic chances in the community. This procedure anticipates and maps out the effects of concern scheme on an organisation ‘s human resources. It is reflected in planning of accomplishment and competency demands every bit good as entire head counts. For resourcing schemes to be implemented they must be translated into practical action. The strategic procedure can be organized logically. For these determinations to be taken, information must be obtained, effects gauged, political soundings taken and penchants assessed. A clear Human resource program includes benefits such as: Foregrounding chances for strategic partnership that allow communities and other spouses to portion the benefits, hazards and preparation costs. It provides for little successes that are promoting and actuating for the community members and others that the plan is on path. Making it easy to measure advancement ( particularly client feedback ) and to show funders, spouses, and community members with effectual information about the advancement.The Human Resource Planning ProcessIn order to compartmentalise the Human Resource Planning procedure, it will be broken down under five chief general headers, under which each company will be analyzed against, so that the contrast in how they differ in be aftering procedures can be identifiedEnvironmental AnalysisThe first measure in the human resource planning procedure is to understand the context of human resource direction. Human resource directors should understand both internal and external environments. Datas on external environments includes the followers: the general position of the economic system, industry, engineering and competition ; labour market ordinances and tendencies ; unemployment rate ; skills available ; and the age and sex distribution of the labour force. Internal information required incl ude short- and long-run organisational programs and schemes and the current position of the organisation ‘s human resources. In Standard Chartered, Human Resource Directors have surveyed the environmental sphere and have undertaken activities that enhance their concern public presentation now and for the long-run. They have besides look for ways to guarantee the economic development of the states Standard Chartered Bank operates in, how to hold a positive impact on the environment and society, every bit good as lending to good administration. Human Resources have helped keep an incorporate position of how Standard Chartered does concern – that takes into account economic factors, the environment, community, and good administration. They have identified seven sustainability precedences by confer withing cardinal stakeholders such as authorities, faculty members, socially responsible investors, non-governmental organisations ( NGOs ) and equals. They now deliver on this docket by utilizing the nucleus accomplishments and endowments of their employees ; supplying quality fiscal services ; and leveraging Standard Chartered Bank ‘s geographical footmark and international position to be a ‘force for good ‘ . Standard Chartered Bank ‘s Human Resource Directors have therefore analyzed its environment and have enhanced their labour and employment patterns through corporate bargaining understandings with the Local Unions and focussed interaction with all labour regulative governments and bureaus therefore showing the publicity of the rules of human and labour rights. The Bank besides has a Diversity & A ; Inclusion ( D & A ; I ) Council.Planing the Management SystemA proper concise system is a cri tical necessity and needs to be in topographic point, in order to manage the Human Resource procedure. The overall purpose of this system is to pull off human resources in line with organisational ends. The system is in charge of human resource programs, policies, processs and best patterns. For illustration, the system should track emerging human resource direction tendencies, such as outsourcing certain non-core maps, following flexible work patterns and the increased usage of information engineering, and, if appropriate, implement them. Standard Chartered Bank has signed a seven-year outsourcing contract, deserving US $ 200 million, with Atos Origin for the direction of its informations services substructure in the Asia Pacific part. The understanding covers the bank ‘s informations services in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. Atos Origin says it will take to present improved public presentation degrees and costs to the bank through the deployment of new engineering and the standardisation of procedures. Commercial Bankss Human Resource system took a different attack and identified a more moneymaking benefit can be made by outsourcing their bing pension strategy. Thus it resulted in the bank engaging Hewitt Outsourcing Services ( India ) Ltd, to change over its bing pension strategy, from a defined benefit program to a defined part program. As a consequence the group post-tax net incomes rose 39.46 per centum to 2.37 billion rupees during the nine month period, compared with the same period last twelvemonth.Analyzing SupplyOrganizations can engage forces from internal and external beginnings. The skill stock lists method is one of the techniques used to maintain path of internal supply. Skill stock lists are manual or computerized systems that keep records of employee experience, instruction and particular accomplishments. A prognosis of the supply of employees projected to fall in the organisation from outside beginnings, given current enlisting activities, is besides necessary. For illustration, Standard Chartered, during the recession, Human Resource analysing the excess in employees, and holding to be cut to co-occur with the new endurance schemes of the company started to take abrasion attack. Attrition is the procedure whereby the bing employees leave their occupations for assorted grounds or gets downsized. Those occupations will be kept vacant or unfilled. Abrasion or hiring freezings or prohibition on employment can be implemented organization-wide or department-wise or job-wise if the Human Resource Manager forecasts a excess work force in the organisation. But if the abrasion rate is uninterrupted and high so it is high clip the concerned governments in the organisation have self-contemplation and take remedial actions. High Attrition is a mark of bad repute for the organisation as a on the job topographic point. Under the analysing supply in footings of Human Resource planning procedure Commercial Bank operates on a different avenue. If future excess is estimated, Commercial Bank has to be after for redisposition, redundancy etc. If excess is estimated in some jobs/department, employees can be redeployed in other jobs/departments where the shortage of employees is estimated. Commercial Bank besides makes programs for preparation or reorientation before redisposition of employees. Redeployment takes topographic point in the signifier of transportations. If the shortage is non estimated in any job/department and excess is estimated for the full organisation, Commercial Bank so, starts audience with the trade brotherhoods and programs for redundancy or retrenchment.Reconciliation and PlanningThe concluding measure in human resource planning is developing action programs based on the gathered informations, analysis and available options. The cardinal issue is that the programs should be acceptab le to both top direction and employees. Plans should be prioritized and their cardinal participants and barriers to success identified. Some of these programs include employee use program, appraisal program, preparation and direction development program and human resource supply program. A good illustration of this would be to travel back to the times where recession hit, and Standard chartered had done extended research on employee use program, and more significantly the retrenchment to maintain them afloat. The HR identified cardinal directors and set into action a redundancy program which was as followed: Standard Chartered redundancy program This program covered type and figure of employees, clip of and topographic point of retrenchment, type of aid to be extended to retrenched employees in the signifier of compensation, aid in acquiring new occupation, precedence in make fulling future vacancies. Redeployment, Redundancy/Retrenchment Plans: 1. Outplacement: Outplacement plans besides intended to supply calling counsel for displaced employees. This plans covers retraining the prospective displaced employees who can be redeployed elsewhere in the organisation, assisting in sketch authorship, interview techniques, occupation searching. 2. Layoffs: Layoffs can be impermanent or lasting. Impermanent layoffs are due to the inanition in concern, machinery breakage, power failure etc. Workers are called back every bit shortly as work sketchs to the normal place. Permanent layoff is due to settlement of the company. Proper human resource planning go forthing the work force at proper degree can assist to cut down this consequence. 3. Leave of Absence without Pay: This technique helps SC to cut the labour cost and the employee to prosecute his ego involvements. This technique besides helps the company to program for extinguishing the unneeded occupation in a phased mode. This construct serves or a productive method to assist employees fix for future alterations. Work Sharing: Some countries of SC offer employees the chance to portion occupations or two employees working one-half clip each. This technique solves the job of retrenchment in the short tally. This is in trend in advanced states but non acceptable to workers brotherhoods particularly within the Asiatic part. Reduced Working Hourss: Under this technique, each worker, works less hours, and receives less wage, so that two occupations are saved. Again this is non prevailing in the Asiatic part and other developing states. Voluntary/ Early Retirement: Another issue is early retirement. SC has taken a page from the Government of India who introduced Voluntary Retirement Scheme under the caption ‘Golden Handshake ‘ in order to work out the job of overstaffing in Public sector. This technique solves the job of inordinate supply of future stock list over the demand for the human resources. In short it is popularly called as VRS.Evaluation of the Recruitment & A ; Selection Procedure of Both Standard Chartered Bank and Commercial Bank.Recruitment: The purpose of the enlisting is to guarantee that the Organization ‘s demand for employees is met by pulling possible employees ( recruits ) in a cost effectual and timely mode. Choice: Employee Selection is the procedure of seting right work forces on right occupation. It is a process of fiting organisational demands with the accomplishments and makings of people. Effective choice can be done merely when there is effectual fiting. By choosing best campaigner for the needed occupation, the organisation will acquire choice public presentation of employees.Standard Chartered BankRecruitment procedure of Standard Chartered BankThe bank ‘s Management Development Scheme takes topographic point in Colombo, where they recruit direction trainees. Never the less, Standard Chartered Bank has provided the chance for those campaigners who are interested in this strategy to use to their local metropoliss. Per twelvemonth about 40 direction associates are been recruited. The purpose of the direction is to enroll alumnuss and station alumnuss with different backgrounds and experiences yet, the best and the brightest endowment in market.Whom do they enroll?Young and g ifted alumnuss or graduate students, who are willing to get down their calling in the fiscal service industry Career-oriented individual Consistent academic performing artist throughout his/her instruction Innovative, ambitious, energetic and concern oriented individualRecruitment standardsStandard Chartered Bank recruits the most gifted persons from the external market to supplement their internal grapevine of endowment. Their Human Resources section provides counsel on the usage of psychometric trials and has robust enlisting standards to guarantee that all campaigners are treated reasonably, every bit and with regard. It has a planetary Graduate Recruitment Program ; where in the part of 150 alumnuss are recruited each twelvemonth on a direction trainee plan across all concerns, maps and states.Analysis for Standard Chartered Banks enlistingHuman Resource Recruitment is defined as any pattern or activity carried on by the organisation with the primary intent of placing and pulling possible employees. The end of an organisational enlisting plan is to guarantee that the organisation has a figure of moderately qualified appliers ( who would happen the occupation acceptable ) to take fr om when a vacancy occurs.Selection Process of Standard Chartered BankEmployee choices at Standard Chartered Bank are based on cognition, accomplishments and endowment. The bank is committed to supply the equal chances to all employees irrespective of gender, race, age, disablement, nationality, cultural beginning or stuff position. Never the less, Standard Chartered Bank besides identifies what alone strengths each single brings, to the functions they carry out and the development of these strengths. Standard Chartered Bank largely uses face-to-face interviews as their choice method. Therefore, when suited appliers are been chosen through the enlisting procedure the bank set assignments for interviews with them. Afterwards, upon reaching, have each interviewee fill out a occupation application signifier and give them a transcript of the place ‘s written occupation description. After interviews are completed, human resource director of Standard Chartered Bank selects two or three campaigners that tantrums for the vacant occupation and hold them come in for a follow-up interview. This is where the direction discuses about wage, benefits etc. Thereafter, the concluding employee choice takes topographic point based upon these second-level interviews and makes an offer to the Human Resource Manager ‘s first pick.Analysis for Standard Charted Banks choiceAny organisation that intends to vie through people must take the uttermost attention with how it chooses organisational members. Personnel choice is the procedure by which companies decide who will or will non be allowed into their organisation. Several generic criterions should be met in any choice procedure, which are dependability, cogency, public-service corporation, and legality. Standard Chartered selects employees based on cognition, accomplishments and endowment. They are committed to supplying equality of chance to all employees, irrespective of gender, race, nationality, age, disablement, cultural beginning, or matrimonial position.Commercial BankRecruitment Process of Commercial BankThe human resources staff at Commercial Bank first makes certain recruitment programs are set based on concern ends and analysing of history. Then looks at the occupation a demand and list the accomplishments, cognition, experience and ability needed. Chiefly the enlisting activities of the bank are carried out at least four times per twelvemonth. Shown below are some figures, which have been taken from a past twelvemonth. Five employees retired under normal retirements. Fifteen resigned under voluntary retirement. Four resigned Four dismissed. Three expired during the period under position. Commercial Bank has besides come up with new enlisting chances due to the enlargement of the bank. Therefore, to make full these vacancies Commercial Bank follows the internal and external enlisting methods. Whereas, it should be noted that when there is a vacancy the bank first attempts to make full the infinite with an bing employee by following the internal enlisting method. If the demands can non be met by the internal method so they move into the external enlisting. In add-on, it is clear that the bank follows both ways to choose the best campaigner.The internal processThis method is used to make full a vacancy of Commercial Bank, utilizing an bing employee with the right demands and makings. Therefore, if there is any vacancy the direction of the bank will publicize it in the internal newssheet, which is handed over to all the employees doing more infinite for chances. Within one hebdomad ‘s clip if the bank finds a suited individual from the company itself to make full t he vacant place, most likely they are given the occupation. Commercial Bank faces many advantages due to the internal enlisting method. They are as show below, Cost effectiveness – the bank should put money upon enlisting, choice and preparation & A ; development when picking an employee externally. This can cut off by the internal method of enlisting. Gives more motive to all the employees and leads to publicities. Increase committedness to the company by the employees.The external processCommercial Bank depends on external labour market, when they do non happen bing employees who has the required cognition, experience or accomplishments for the vacant chance. The human resource section of the bank will be informed by the direction of the several sections, which has occupation vacancies and will be provided with the description of the occupation and other information. The occupation description contains the undermentioned information, Job rubric Title of immediate supervisors ‘ occupation Purpose of the occupation Number of subsidiaries Duties of the occupation Limits of authorization Career of the occupation Ad is a important measure when it comes to enrolling and pulling the best campaigners. By placing the societal and rational accomplishments, the Human Resource section will fix the advertizements. When it comes to publicizing vacancies Commercial Bank chiefly uses the newspaper advertisement method and their web site. Commercial Bank uses the undermentioned rules for effectual advertisement, Explains the inside informations about the company Advertises under the company name Provides sufficient inside informations about the vacant place Points out personal demands States the chief footings and conditions of employment States whom the application should be directed After the applications are been handed out, the human resource section will split the applications as required into relevant classs. Thereafter, the divided application signifiers will be given to the relevant sections with the vacancies. The recruitment process takes rather a long clip since the human resource section has entangle in a burden of work and should set a batch of attempt.Summary of the enlisting procedure of Commercial BankThe human resource section receives request for enlisting of employees from several sections of the bank Job analysis The human resource director gathers information. The enlisting method ( internal or external ) is been decided by the direction A list is prepared with the needed makings, accomplishments and cognition Preparation of occupation notices Roll uping the received applications Reducing and picking the appropriate campaignersEvaluation of external & A ; internal methods of enlistingBoth the organisations that have been discussed above utilizations both internal and external enlisting methods. Yet, it should be noticed that for an organisation it is more cost effectual to utilize the internal method. It is clear that a company has to set aside a certain sum when it comes to the procedures of enrolling choosing and developing & A ; development. Therefore, if the company can happen an bing employee with the right demands to make full up a vacancy, the cost will be less as for the above procedures would non hold to be practiced. However, the internal method can besides keep a disadvantage. By enrolling, a campaigner externally may convey more cognition, accomplishments and diverseness to the organisation. In certain cases, the internal method would non be eligible to make so. Therefore, by external enlisting the organisation will be able to happen the best campaigners for the vacant occupation than from the internal method. Hereby, it is clear that both internal and external methods are valuable for an organisation in the enlisting procedure.Selection Process of Commercial BankCommercial Banks direction explores both internal and external beginnings for replacing demands. Internal enlisting is where the bank is supplied with the work force within the company itself. This can be an action of either reassigning or publicity. There are many unvarying ways Commercial Bank uses their internal enlisting method. Mostly the bank uses the stock lists, which is besides known as a computerized database that is containe d with the basic information of all the employees. The stock list carries the information about each employee ‘s accomplishments, cognition, public presentation and other relevant features. Commercial Banks choice procedure is an effort to happen the qualified and best campaigners for vacant occupations in the organisation. Therefore, one time the enlisting procedure is taken topographic point the direction of the bank finds the best fitting people to make full the available infinites through the choice procedure. For this, several different methods such as choice trials, preliminary showings and comprehensive interviews are held at Commercial Bank.Choice TechniquesChoice can be defined as the procedure of taking the most suited campaigners from those who apply for the occupation or the pool of appliers. For this intent, organisations use assorted choice techniques such as, Interviews Presentations Psychometric Trials Aptitude Trials Psychological Trials The dependability of these choice techniques depends on the extent or the grade to which the choice technique measures the same point systematically. It should be noted that these choice techniques can either be written or in the signifier of interviews. However, in all state of affairss, for the rating to be accurate and to choose the best campaigner same inquiries should be put frontward. Further, the cogency of information gathered about the campaigners through assorted choice techniques would depend on certain factors. These factors are, The relationship between the choice technique and the appropriate standard What the choice technique steps and the quality of the technique The choice technique must be relevant to the occupationInterviewsAn interview could be defined as ; a choice process designed to foretell the future occupation public presentation on the footing of appliers ‘ unwritten response to unwritten enquiries. These interviews could be either conducted by an single individual or a panel. Interviews can be categorized based on their construction or the degree of standardisation, i.e. Unstructured, Semi – Structured and Structured. Unstructured Interviews: Unstructured interviews involve a process where different inquiries would be asked from different appliers. They are unplanned, non – directed, uncontrolled and flexible. Open ended inquiries would be asked in such interviews. Semi – Structured Interviews: Semi – Structured Interviews are normally pre – scheduled, have some degree of flexibleness and the major countries which are analyzed would be controlled. Structured Interviews: Structured Interviews are besides known as Guided Interviews. They are pre – planned, standardized and pre – formatted. There is no flexibleness in such interviews. The inquiries asked would non be unfastened ended inquiries. Beyond this there are four types of common choice interviews which are used for the choice procedure. These interviews are, Situation Interviews: Situational Interviews would analyse the conjectural public presentation of a campaigner. This would be done through state of affairs oriented oppugning based on the occupation. These interviews would be conducted by specialised people. Job Related Interviews: Job Related Interviews are normally conducted by Human Resource Managers. In this type of interview the interviewee ‘s behaviour during old occupations would be analyzed. Psychological Interviews: Psychological Interviews exist to buttockss personality traits of interviewees. Competency Interviews: Competence Interviews are an enlargement of Psychological Interviews. These interviews analyze the competences of an interviewee. Competences such as interpersonal accomplishments, leading and other such countries would be analyzed.Advantages and Disadvantages of InterviewsPresentationsPresentations could be used for the choice procedure depending on the manner how presentations will associate to the occupation description and the normal on the job patterns expected of the station. In presentations it would be really of import to hold decided standards against which each campaigner will be marked. This standard may include points which would be assessed at an interview excessively, for illustration through a presentation the campaigners communication accomplishments could be assessed where as this could be done through an interview every bit good. Besides, the campaigner ‘s ability to nowadayss facts to an audience could be assessed utilizing a presentati on but this could be done at an interview through the use of a panel of interviewers as good. However, a presentation could be used to analyse how a campaigner would be able to show his thoughts to a wider audience than which will be present at an interview. Presentations could besides be utile to understand how rapidly a campaigner will be able to understand and construe a subject given to him. Beyond this, presentation could be a really good method to mensurate the degree of ego assurance a campaigner has. Since presentations would by and large devour a batch of clip it could be said to be a major disadvantage of presentations and besides since a presentation would be sing a peculiar given subject it will be given to restrict the countries in which an person ‘s cognition could be analyzed. Whereas, interviews would be less clip consuming and a broad country of the campaigner ‘s cognition could be analyzed through unwritten inquiring. Further, unlike interviews, since presentations could be used merely for a occupation which would necessitate presentations skills this would non be a really suited method for the choice procedure.Psychometric TrialsPsychometric Trials would supply information sing how a campaigner would act towards his directors, equals and subsidiaries ; fundamentally relationship edifice accomplishments. These trials would lend about 10 % towards the concluding determination and would normally necessitate confirmation from the campaigner itself. This could b e considered as a disadvantage as certain information could be forged. Further, for these trials to be carried out decently trained assessors are required. By sing the degree of part towards the concluding determination it is clear that this type of trial entirely would non be sufficient for the choice procedure and therefore this would hold to be used in combination with some other choice techniques such as interviews. Hence it is possible to get at the decision that interviews could be more dependable than such trials and is a better choice technique with regard to psychometric trials.Other TrialsThere are assorted trials which could be used to asses a campaigner ‘s capableness when information gathered through interviews and Curriculum Vitae go less dependable. However, one major drawback of such trials is that these trials do non supply any information sing the personality of the campaigner or sing his communicating accomplishments and besides these trials would merely men surate facets such as cognition. Based on the above information it was possible to get at the decision that from among the above mentioned choice techniques, interviews would be the most appropriate method of choice for many state of affairss. This could be said on the footing that interviews cover up a wider scope of facets of a campaigner such as the cognition, communicating accomplishments, attitude, personality and etc. when compared to other methods. Further, unlike other techniques of choice such as psychometric trials, interviews could be used entirely without utilizing a combination of choice techniques. Therefore, interviews could be identified as one of the most suited choice techniques. However, it could be recommended that if in deepness information is required sing some peculiar country of a campaigner a combination of choice techniques could be used.Job EvaluationJob Evaluation could be defined as the procedure which is used to measure the comparative worth of different occupations on the footing of a consistent set of occupations and personal factors such as makings and accomplishments. The aim of Job Evaluation is to find the wage for a occupation in comparing to other occupations. There are chiefly three methods which are used for the Job Evaluation procedure. These methods are, Job Ranking – This method is one of the simplest methods which are used to measure a occupation. Jobs are compared to each other based on the overall worth of the occupation to the organisation. This is normally decided on accomplishment, attempt, duty and working conditions. Job Classification – Jobs are classified into an bing grade/category construction or hierarchy. Each degree in the grade/category construction has a description and associated occupation rubrics. Each occupation is assigned to the grade/category supplying the closest lucifer to the occupation. The categorization of a place is decided by comparing the whole occupation with the appropriate occupation rating criterion. Factor Comparison – A set of paying factors are identified to find the worth of the occupation. These factors could be accomplishments, duty, attempt and on the job conditions. The weight of the factors to the occupation will make up one's mind the wage. However, even though there are assorted methods for Job Evaluation, such as those mentioned above, harmonizing to research each method is about every bit accurate and dependable as the other in ranking and pricing different occupations. These Job Evaluations form the footing for rewards and salary dialogues.Job Evaluation at Standard Chartered BankA systematic and a scientific method of occupation rating have been followed at Standard chartered Bank. In fact, it has been possible to place that the method of occupation rating which is followed at Standard Chartered Bank is the factor comparing method. Even though this possibly one of the most hard methods of Job Evaluation it could be identified as a consistent and an appreciable method. Under this method of Job Evaluation, alternatively of ranking complete occupations each occupation would be ranked harmonizing to some factor such as accomplishment needed, cognize – how, answerability, etc. Using this method, payment and rewar ds would be decided sing weight – age of the factors required for the occupation. The Bank purposes at engaging specialised people and their recruiting standards are based on their cognition, expertness, past working experience and their exposure to the professional Fieldss. Employee rewards are set in conformity with the aforesaid enlisting standards and most of them are content with what they earn at Standard Chartered Bank Standard Chartered has some rules in measuring the occupation and these are some of their rules in occupation rating. All occupations in the organisation will be evaluated utilizing an in agreement occupation rating strategy. Job rating is concerned with occupations, non people. It is non the individual that is being evaluated. Jobs are assessed as if it were being carried out in a to the full competent and acceptable mode.Job Evaluation at Commercial BankThe demand for a place to be officially evaluated occurs as a consequence of important alterations or growing in the function or to the work required to be performed in a place. Commercial Bank uses the occupation categorization method to measure their employees. In this method, employees would be fundamentally separated in to assorted categories depending on their occupation and wage for that peculiar group would be in a about same scope. Applications for rating may be submitted to the Human Resource Department for this intent. The Job Evaluation application must be based on one or more of the undermentioned standards: Ongoing important alteration ( s ) to the range or map required of the place ; Change ( s ) to the place following a restructure of the immediate organisational country ; Change ( s ) to the place as a consequence of redesign or alteration ( s ) to other occupations that straight affect the maps and/or focal point of the place ; Change ( s ) to the place as a consequence of the restructure of another organisational country that straight affects the map and/or focal point of the place. Applications are non accepted on the footing of general dissatisfaction with the current place categorization or the volume of the work undertaken. The wage of an employee would be distinct base on chiefly the category to which an employee falls. Other than that Commercial Bank considers facets such as the accomplishments, preparation and development, practical working experience in similar Fieldss and besides instruction or cognition in relevant Fieldss. This would assist Commercial Bank to put their employees in a more suited category and besides to make up one's mind on a fairer wage of which the employee would be satisfied. When sing the occupation rating procedure at Commercial Bank it is clear that the bank follows the occupation categorization method. When sing the other three methods of occupation rating this could be classified as the easiest method. Beyond this, it could be seen that the bank follows a more rigorous attack which would non let all employees who think that they have been below the belt compensated to use for a occupation rating. This could be considered a drawback as employees would be given to acquire disgruntled and leave the organisation.